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NEW QUESTION 29
A child with food refusal behaviors accepts one bite out of the ten bites that her caregiver offered.
What measure should be used to record this behavior?
- A. duration
- B. percent of occurrence
- C. latency
- D. trials to criterion
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION 30
A child diagnosed with autism engages in hand flapping almost continuously at home, day care and school. An intervention is devised to alleviate this challenging behavior. Which type of experimental design would be BEST?
- A. multiple baseline
- B. reversal
- C. multi-element
- D. withdrawal
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION 31
A child with food refusal behaviors accepts one bite out of the ten bites that her caregiver offered. What measure should be used to record this behavior?
- A. duration
- B. percent of occurrence
- C. latency
- D. trials to criterion
Answer: B
Explanation:
Section: Volume B
Explanation/Reference:
NEW QUESTION 32
Reinforcing "picking up shoe" in a shoe-tying program would be an example of a step in which type of training procedure?
- A. discrete trial
- B. chaining
- C. shaping
- D. naturalistic
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION 33
Interventions designed to weaken a behavior should include.
- A. reinforcement of behavior that is functionally equivalent to the behavior to be weakened.
- B. negative reinforcement of the behavior to be weakened.
- C. intermittent punishment of the behavior to be weakened.
- D. positive reinforcement of all behaviors other than the behavior to be weakened.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Section: Volume C
NEW QUESTION 34
Which of the following would MOST clearly demonstrate a functional relationship?
- A. Execute repeated rapid alternations between different environmental conditions. Collect and graph data.
- B. Conduct narrative recordings in various settings. Then compile a sequence analysis.
- C. Directly observe environmental events and target behaviors as they normally occur in an unobtrusive manner, in the natural environment.
- D. Use a scatterplot to both collect and graph data. When sufficient baseline data have been collected, complete a pattern analysis.
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION 35
What is the next step in the assessment process if data from the functional analysis do NOT support the original hypothesis?
- A. Base the intervention on the original hypothesis and re-assess after a time lapse.
- B. Continue to conduct the functional assessment until the data coincides with the original hypothesis.
- C. Design a package intervention to address all possible functions of the behavior.
- D. Alter the hypothesis regarding the maintaining variable of the behavior based on the results of the functional assessment.
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION 36
Three boys with autism, ages 7-10 years old, served as participants in a study. During baseline, staff used response blocking when five instances of aggression or head-banging occurred within 10 seconds, until attempts ceased for 1 minute. During baseline and treatment, each occurrence of aggression and head- banging was recorded daily and converted to the number of responses per hour. Treatment comprised a differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior (DRI) schedule coupled with response blocking after every head-banging or aggression. The staff initially applied the treatment to head-banging, while continuing to take a baseline on aggression.
After noting treatment effects on head-banging, the staff then applied the treatment to aggression.
In this scenario, how was direct replication shown?
- A. The intervention was implemented in a staggered fashion across target behaviors after the initial baseline.
- B. A baseline condition was implemented.
- C. Baseline and intervention conditions were included.
- D. A changing criterion design was used wherein the criterion for reinforcement was gradually changed over time.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Section: Volume B
NEW QUESTION 37
This graph BEST exemplifies:
- A. a change in the trend between baseline and intervention phases.
- B. a change in the level between baseline and intervention phases.
- C. a decrease in variability due to the intervention.
- D. clear demonstration of an effective intervention.
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION 38
Trials to criterion refers to a measure of
- A. interobserver agreement.
- B. rate of correct responding.
- C. performance.
- D. fluency.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Section: Volume A
Explanation
NEW QUESTION 39
When demands are placed on Raoul, he is often observed to hit his head, bite his hand, or slap the therapist.
These behaviors are reinforced by termination of the demands. Taken together, these behaviors comprise
- A. respondent behaviors.
- B. a topographical response class.
- C. a functional response class.
- D. an establishing operation.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Section: Volume A
NEW QUESTION 40
When given free access to playing with blocks, crayons, and trucks, Jeff plays with blocks about 50% of the time, plays with crayons about 30% of the time, and plays with trucks the remaining 20% of the time. According to the Premack principle, which of the following is true?
- A. Playing with trucks will serve as a reinforcer for playing with crayons.
- B. Playing with crayons will serve as a reinforcer for playing with blocks.
- C. Playing with trucks will serve as a reinforcer for playing with blocks.
- D. Playing with crayons will serve as a reinforcer for playing with trucks.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Section: Volume B
NEW QUESTION 41
The Smiths' daughter, who has autism, has been receiving ABA services for one-and-a-half years from Andrew, a behavior analyst. Andrew's experience and training is in special education. Recently, the Smiths' other child has been behaving differently and they suspect that he may be clinically depressed. The Smiths would like their son to receive services from Andrew because their family is familiar with him and he has provided effective interventions for their daughter. The Smiths ask Andrew to confirm their suspicions about their son. What should Andrew do?
- A. Consult with colleagues who have expertise in treating mood disorders in order to design an effective intervention.
- B. Refer the family to a colleague who has expertise in diagnosing mood disorders.
- C. Remind the family that his area of expertise is special education and AB
- D. Conduct a descriptive assessment and collect baseline data in order to develop an intervention.
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION 42
Echoic behavior is controlled by a
- A. verbal stimulus, the response matches that stimulus, and reinforcer is specific.
- B. verbal stimulus, the response matches that stimulus, and reinforcer is non-specific.
- C. verbal stimulus, the response does not match that stimulus, and reinforcer is non-specific.
- D. non-verbal stimulus, the response matches that stimulus, and reinforcer is specific.
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION 43
Once a stimulus has been determined to function as a reinforcer in a particular contingency, which of the following is likely to be true?
- A. The reinforcer should be used with others in the immediate environment.
- B. The reinforcer should be adjusted to vary during the observation period.
- C. The effect of the reinforcer may strengthen with relevant deprivation.
- D. The effect of the reinforcer will weaken if a variable interval schedule is used.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Section: Volume A
NEW QUESTION 44
Teaching a student a self-talk strategy consisting of, "After I use the toilet, I must flush." is an example of.
- A. contingency shaped behavior.
- B. imitative instruction.
- C. rule-governed behavior.
- D. direct instruction.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Section: Volume B
NEW QUESTION 45
Once a stimulus has been determined to function as a reinforcer in a particular contingency, which of the following is likely to be true?
- A. The reinforcer should be used with others in the immediate environment.
- B. The reinforcer should be adjusted to vary during the observation period.
- C. The effect of the reinforcer may strengthen with relevant deprivation.
- D. The effect of the reinforcer will weaken if a variable interval schedule is used.
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 46
What is the reinforcing consequence in "I itch, therefore I scratch?"
- A. proprioceptive negative reinforcement
- B. automatic positive reinforcement
- C. proprioceptive positive reinforcement
- D. automatic negative reinforcement
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION 47
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